C/C++ Users Group Library 1996 July

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YAM (Yet Another Modem program) by Chuck Forsberg Manual Revised 9-6-81 YAM performs a number of "Super-Terminal" functions. It may be regarded as a (not proper) superset of MODEM7. Commands and subcommands are listed below. XYAM is a version of yam which corresponds to XMODEM. Glossary ) FUNCTION An operation supported by yam, such as DIR, TYPE, S, R, or T(term). A command may set or reset a MODE, or perform 0 or more FUNCTIONS. MODE Many modes affect the way the term function handles data. OPTION Option(s) apply to the S and R commands only. Commands a: Change to a: disk (or b, etc.) a1: Change to a: disk user 1 bm Set baudrate to m. Example: "b19200" bye Drop any call in progress and prepare to make/answer another. call name Enable Data Terminal Ready (DTR), and set baudrate to the value (if present) corresponding to name. If autodial is supported, dial the telephone number. If autodial is not supported, the telephone number is displayed. It is not necessary to type the entire name as it appears in the file. Example: "call tcbbs" or "call tc" close Dump cpature buffer if a recrive file is open, close files. dir [pattern ...] Display pathnames matching pattern alphabetized across the page. The usual ambiguous filenames are allowed under CP/M provided a correct version of setfcb() is used. Since dir or any other commands which accept a pattern use the circular buffer for filename expansion, be sure to write out any - 1 - captured data first! Example: "dir" "dir *.c" "dir *.c *.h" dirr [pattern ...] Displays the directory with the number of sectors in each file. The number of files matched, number of blocks, number of kb allocated to those files, and estimated transmission time at the current baudrate for all files listed are displayed. Transmission time estimate is based on batch transmission from a Z89 with 700kb Tandon drives to a Cromenco 4mHz 4fdc system with Persci 277 drive. Time includes file i/o but not error correction. d{mode} Disable mode(s) affecting file transmission or reception with the term function. (The "s" and"r" commands always send data transparently.) e{mode} Disable mode(s) affecting file transmission/reception with the term function. (The "s" and"r" commands always send data transparently.) f[mode] name Send file 'name' in the term function. The optional mode enables one or modes. If squelch is enabled, preface with ^R and append with ^T. See also type/list command. help Displays a command summary. This command closes any open send file. initialize Initializes yam to all its default values. Does not reset the disk system (see "reset"). kill Kill all data in the capture buffer. Restores the pointers to their initial positions. list pattern [...] Display the files specified by the possibly ambiguous pattern(s). This command closes any open send file. List stops/resumes printing with ^S. Typing ^C cancels, and any other character skips to the next file. mn Change modem data port to (decimal) n. Example: "m224" o Disable the modem by turning off DTR. off Disable modem and return to operating system. pxm Set Parameter x to value m. reset [size] Dump the capture buffer (if on), close all files, and reset the disk system (this allows swapping diskettes). The optional argument size becomes the size of the circular capture buffer, useful for debugging. replot [m] Redisplay the last m lines received from the modem. - 2 - If m is 0 or absent, redisplay starting with the earliest data. A screenful is displayed at a time. The commands accepted in replot mode are listed below. rewind Rewind the buffer pointers for the display, printer, and file dump from the term function. The effect of this command is the same as if the data had been sent another time. r[options] [file ...] Receive with options 1 or more files using the Wayne Christensen protocol. If no filename is given, batch mode is assumed. (Note: batch mode is not compatible with MODEM7.) If more than one filename is given, a single file transfer will be made for each. s Displays status information. s[options] pattern ... If batch mode is specified with the b option, 0 or more files are sent according to the ambiguous pathname(s). If batch mode is not specified, the named unambiguous file(s) are sent each in single file mode. type afn ... Type files. XYAM prefaces each file with ^R and suffixes it with ^T. t[c][mode] [file]The term function with optional capture to file. The c (close) option causes data in the capture buffer to be written and closed immeadiately. 0 or more modes may be enabled. View mode causes the term function to display control characters by prefixing ^ to the corresponding letter. A receive file previously opened by 't file' will not be closed by 't'. While in the term function, the keyboarded characters are transmitted except for 1. ^E Exits from the term function back to main command level. Rapidly typing ^E^E will instead cause one ^E to be transmitted. 2. ^Q Iff a send file is open and its transmission has been stopped by a XOFF, transmission is resumed. Otherwise no special treatment. 3. ^S Iff a send file is open and it is being transmitted, transmission is stopped. Otherwise no special treatment. 4. ^V Replots the last 24 lines, then awaits next command in replot. ^V^V typed quickly sends one instead. The following received characters are recognized in the term function, when they are fetched from the circular buffer for the display. - 3 - 1. XOFF Stops file transmission from yam. 2. XON Resumes file transmission. 3. TAB Tab characters are expanded on the display. wrt Write dumps the circular buffer to the receive file, if open. ; Semicolon is an optional command delimiter which may be used in place or RETURN in order to place multiple commands on a line. Since commands such as "t" have an indefinite number of operands, the semicolon must be used to string commands together. Example: "sb *.c;off" batch transmits all *.c files, then disconnects. Unfortunately, CP/M's CCP clobbers ; and everyting past it in the command line, so use backslash instead. backslash An alternate to ; for CP/M systems. Modes used with D, E, T or F commands e Echo characters received from the modem to the modem. Use this only for keyboard to keyboard communication, and then only at one end. Reset after each command. Does not imply "Half Duplex". f Full duplex. h Half Duplex. Displays keyboarded characters as they are sent to the modem. g Resumes (GO) sending file once in the term function, equivalent to XON. Disabling GO causes a file queued for transmission to wait for an XON character. i Image transparent data capture, all 8 bits of all characters received, including NULLS. This overrides the t and/or z modes. l List unit (Printer) on. Since the printer is separately buffered, it needn't be as fast as the incoming data as long as the difference doesn't exceed the buffer size. The rewind command may be used to get extra copies of the received data. n Send NEWLINE (lf) only when transmitting file (no CR). p Send CR only at end of line, and then pause until echoes from remote have stopped. Useful for sending files to bulletin boards where the remote needs time to prepare for the next text line. r Send CR only at the end of each transmitted line. - 4 - s Squelch captured data with ^T and unsquelch with ^R. These characters are not copied to the file. This mode must be set/reset as desired BEFORE opening the receive file. t If Waitnum is more than 1, wait for echoes to stop after sending each Waitnum characters for period Pause. If Waitnum==1, send at 1/Throttle, measured in loops of the term() function. The default values of Waitnum and Throttle provide transmission at about 50 words per minute regardless of baud rate. Many 'BYE' programs cannot accept input at full speed. v View control characters as ^C. Useful in shutting up the bloody bell. View mode is distinct from view option. w Wait to receive a newline afrer sending a CR at the end of a line. x Exit from the term function when EOF is encountered on transmitted file. z Terminate data capture and close file when ^Z is received. Otherwise ^Z is ignored. It should be noted that The Source coughs up an occasional ^Z just as UPI is about to output something interesting. Options used with S or R commands All options are reset after each command. b Batch mode. Pathnames are provided by the sender. Disk names are excluded from the transmitted pathname(s), and may not be specified for batch mode reception (use the change directory command). q Quiet mode inhibits some of the status information. Quiet mode is not necessary for proprer operation at higher baudrates. t Execute the term function after file transfer(s). v View the data being transmitted. Correct data is displayed once. Viewing ascii files does not interfere with correct transmission at extreme baud rates, although throughput will be affected. For each sector, data is viewed once before sending/after receiving. y Yes it is OK to clobber a file already on disk. If absent, the operator is promped for a y or n decision. - 5 - Parameters used with P command wn Set Waitnum to n. See "w" mode for details. Default is 1. tm Set Throttle to m. The default value corresponds to about 80 words per minute sending speed. m Set Pause to m. When the free characters in the circular buffer reach 400, an XOFF is sent. Pause controls the time which must then pass without characters received before believing that the other end really has obeyed the XOFF character, as opposed to the sometimes lengthy Compuserve hitches in the getalong. If Pause is too short, it is possible that a lurch in output will be interpreted as acknowledgement of the XOFF, only to have more characters arrive whilst yam is occupied dumping the buffer to disk. When this happens, unfortunate characters are routed to the proverbial bit bucket, and you can retry the download as the timesharing service increments the connect charge. The default value seems suitable for Source over Tymnet and BBS systems. Pause is also the echo wait period used with the "p" mode. Some bulletin board programs require a longer pause when accepting files with the "p" mode. Replot Commands Commands within replot consist of a single character. Replot maps uppercase, lowercase, and control characters together in decoding commands. v backspace Previous page (some overlap provided) space Next page p Backup one line and redisplay n LF Advance one line OTHERWISE Return to previous funccion Sample YAM Session A sample session might be: A0>yam b19200 cd b (set 19kb, change to b disk) dirr yam?.? yamhlp.mss (list files and calculate xmsn time) - 6 - sb yam?.? yamhlp.mss (send them to a local system) call hydepark (Can't remember the phone number!) t (go to the term function, log in, run minicbbs, begin entering a message) ....... ^E ftp letter (enable prompt and throttle modes, open letter and send to bbs) ^E off Notes - The transmission of pathnames in batch mode differs from that used in MODEM7. Yam sends the pathname as a null terminated string in a standard Wayne Christensen type packet with sector a number of 0. Disk specifiers (B:) are not sent. The sender waits for an initial NAK before sending the pathname. An explicit NAK is sent by the receiver at intervals when is ready to receive a pathname. Upon receiving and acknowledging the pathname packet, the receiver opens the file and then sends the initial NAK for the data in the file. A null pathname terminates batch transmission. - File transmission is compatible with MODEM7 in single file mode. File transmission may be aborted by sending a sequence of CAN (^X) characters. Each character keyboarded will cause readline() to return a TIMEOUT error, thus regaining keyboard control relatively easily. - I routinely send files at 19200 baud between a Z89 (2 mHz) and a Cromenco 4mHz system. Reception in the term function seems to works well at 9600 baud on a Z89 provided the printer is off. If you use bios calls for terminal i/o (e.g., TRS-80 version), the maximum speed may be less in the term function. Quiet mode is not necessary for proper operation at 19kb, although it does increase thruput slightly. View option (S and R commands) does not decrease maximum baud rate, although throughput is obviously affected according to the ratio of terminal speed to communications rate. - Printer operation with bios calls or view mode substantially reduces the highest baudrate possible with the term function without losing characters (independent of actual printer speed). The term function will send XOFF to prevent buffer overflow if the printer is on, or if a receive file is created. Term function on a Cromenco with a 300 baud printer works fine at 2400 baud. - Baudrate selection routines are provided for the Cromenco TUART and Z89 serial board (8250's). - 7 - - In the term function, use of the circular buffer provides some advantages. 1. Incoming data may come in at a rate higher than the display and/or printer. Tab expansion for the display does not compromise this ability. 2. The user may decide to save a timesharing session on the disk AFTER it has started (or possibly even finished) as long as the buffer pointers have not wrapped around. 3. The same ability also applies to the printer. The printer need not be as fast as the modem as long as the Tortoise is allowed to catch up. 4. Received data may be redisplayed (rep command). A future version might allow scrolling and/or string searching. At high speeds, the display will fall behind the incoming data, as storing of raw modem data into the buffer takes precedence over all else. As a result, a defective or incorrectly programmed modem port which sources data at high speed can lockout the keyboard. If yam "goes away" when entering the term function, this may be the cause. - If insufficient stack space is provided above the end of the circular buffer, yam may sulk when attempting to exit from the term function. - The enable t and z modes affecting data capture are executed when the circular buffer is written to the receive file, not as the characters are first received from the data port. Installing Yam Yam consists of yam.h, yamsys.h, and yam[12357].c. Yam currently supports the Z89 (with aux board) and Cromenco TUART. Yamz89.h is used for Z89 computers (check the port definitions to be sure they agree with your usage.) Yamtuart.h is setup for a TUART board at 60H running under CDOS. Yamz89xm.h describes the XMODEM configuration. One of these (Or one you write for your system) should be copied to yamsys.h before compiling the files. Compilation should be with -e 5800 for all files and -o for yam[235] if operation at extreme baud rates is desired. I have found yam to be handy for transferring files between adjacent machines; hence all the attention to high speed operation. If your machine uses a different type of UART chip, or a built-in modem card, then the yamsys.h and yam5.c files will need work. Two bugs in the BDS C compiler v1.42 have surfaced. The "preprocessor" sometimes misses #endif lines, depending on the phase of the moon and the number of characters here there an somwehere else in the source file. Usually, adding some comments before the #endif fixes things. A subtle bug in code generation (or perhaps my source program?) may - 8 - cause unpredictable results when e1xpand is called. Its appearance is also a function of the phase of the moon and will probabaly go away if you put in printf's to try to track it down. This problem affects the type, dir, dirr, and sb commands but not s ufn command. Hopefully, later versions of the compiler aviod these problems. A bug in some versions of ccc.asm causes wild cards such as *.c to expand as *.* instead. If you have this problem, use ????????.c or get a version of ccc.asm and matching deff2.crl with the changes as indicated in fixccc.asm. Some early versions of deff.crl with a defective getc() may need to look like this: /* changed NSECTS to nsecs CAF */ iobuf -> _nleft = (nsecs * SECSIZ - 1); That change is much easier to get right; just recompile stdlib1.c and use clib. Later versions have this change. Interesting #define's TERMRESET A string enclosed in quotes which sets the terminal to the mode desireable for the term function. TERMRESET as defined for the Z19 turns on wraparound. STATLINE Define this if your terminal has an extra (viz., 25th) line usable for status information which does not scroll up nor interfere with scrolling. lpstat() writes to the entire status line, clearing out any previous contents. pstat() writes statrting at the 48th position, not disturbing any information written by lpstat(). MODEMSTUFF If you provide routines setbaud(), readbaud(), bye(), and onhook(), define MODEMSTUFF to exclude the default dummy routines. AUTODIAL If your modem supports autodial, write your own version of dial() and define AUTODIAL to suppress the default routine. Z19 Generates output for Z19 functions, especially status (25th) line. XYAM Differences XYAM is produced by defining XMODEM in the file 'yamsys.h'. Consult 'yamz89xm.h' and 'yamx.sub' for an example. Ceratin #defines are especially applicable to XYAM: LOGFILE All files sent (includes type or list commands) or received (r or t file) are stored with the current baudrate in LOGFILE. RESTRICTED Certain commands and options are disabled. Files with '.BAD' extensions and files with TAG2 will not be opened. A file with extension of '.COM' will be uploaded with a '.OBJ' extension. Exisiting filles - 9 - cannot be overwritten. CDO Define a test for carrier drop out so that XYAM can exit when the connection is broken. - 10 - ced by defining XMODE